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Autologous stem cell transplantation is the procedure which involves collecting patient’s stem cells before giving high dose chemotherapy. After conditioning chemotherapy, the harvested stem cells are infused. Auto SCT is indicated for multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation involves procuring stem cell from matched donor. If sibling matched donors are not available, then half matched donors or matched unrelated donors should be considered. Allo SCT is the treatment of choice for high-risk AML, ALL, aplastic anemia, and thalassemia major. The donor needs inj G-CSF for 4 days prior to harvest in case peripheral stem cell harvest. For bone marrow harvest the harvest is done in OT. The patient is kept in HEFA filter room for 4-5 weeks during the transplant and is given conditioning chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplant. The results for haploidentical SCT are similar to matched unrelated SCT in hematological malignancies.